Stress Factors and the Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review on the Aviation Industry

This study outlines the stress factors and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stress variables among aviation workers, which includes airline employees, flight crews, pilots, maintenance crews, air traffic controllers, airport or ground workers, engineers, training personnel, and other aviation-related personnel. A review was done on 37 research papers using systematic literature review (SLR) and discovered nine stress factors among aviation workers which are working hours, workloads, internal factors, ergonomic issues, job uncertainty, job demands, organizational issues, team conflict, and the COVID-19 itself. The findings of this study could provide insights to employers in the aviation industry for mitigation actions that could help to successfully reduce and eliminate stress factors in the workplace. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

A psychological contract perspective to managing the employment relationship during the covid-19 pandemic in the aviation industry

Although the literature on psychological contracts is rich, researchers have so far paid limited attention to psychological contracts in times of crisis. To investigate how employees assess their psychological contracts during a crisis, we conducted 32 semistructured interviews during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The interviewees worked in the airline industry, which the pandemic severely affected. Our qualitative approach allowed us to gain novel insights into the mechanisms by which contracts are managed when the typical parameters of contract assessment are not possible, thereby allowing us to expand psychological contract theory. In addition to illustrating the key employer obligations that employees perceived during a crisis, we introduce two novel theoretical concepts -psychological contract credit and psychological contract inactivation - that explain how employees managed their contracts during the crisis. The practical findings of this study are of relevance to HR managers in managing future crises and addressing the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

PREPARATION OF AVIATION INDUSTRY TRANSITION ON COVID-19 FROM PANDEMIC TO ENDEMIC PHASE: A REVIEW

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the Malaysian government's actions towards the aviation industry to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic and the transition phase from pandemic to endemic. Transition phase refers to a temporary period before the country could fully enter the endemic phase which is subject to an announcement by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Theoretical framework:The study on air transport affected by pandemic and industry action toward the endemic phase. This study refers to the conceptual framework for emergency department design in a pandemic by Aujirapongpan (2023): Relationship between state, hospital and ED in pandemic preparedness planning and response. Design/methodology/approach: The approach used is qualitative research that are observation and literature review. Findings: The results demonstrate the Malaysian government's actions during the transition period from pandemic to endemic. Restrictions on travel between areas cause the public to be unable to move at will, causing passengers to be unable to buy plane tickets. The government's actions have indeed had an impact on the airline company's income. Among the significant effects are the workers who were laid off in the era of the pandemic. At the same time, the government is also trying to help airlines financially to survive while waiting for the endemic period. The Malaysian government does not have a specific framework for the airline industry to face the pandemic, however, the Malaysian government gives a quick reaction to control the situation. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study gives comparative responses on the aviation industry by the government when faced with a pandemic, as well as planning for the transition to the endemic phase. Originality/value: The result indicates the government participation and action changes of the air transport operation on the Covid-19 pandemic to endemic transition phase. © 2023 AOS-Estratagia and Inovacao. All rights reserved.

A Model Statistical during Covid-19 Future E-Commerce Revenue for Indonesia Aviation

Until today, Information Technology (IT) has been felt by aviation industry showed by positive growth of operating revenue before Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic of Covid-19 changes the world especially the aviation industry by slowing down the business transaction. This study presents statistical model on recent e-commerce revenue of aviation, the number of passengers and the IT investments then predicts future of e-commerce revenue, the number of passengers and the IT spending using Neural Networks. This method is useful to predict the future because it follows the time being. The chosen variables are intended whether IT has an impact during the pandemic for passenger generation year by year. The results show that for the next few years, the revenue, the number of passengers and the IT spending are significantly increasing, while there are problems faced in aviation industry because of Covid-19. This model also can be applied for other industry.

Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 on the US Airline Market Using an Instrumental Variable and a DID Empirical Strategy

In this paper, we examine the affects of COVID-19 and related policies on the aviation industry. Using archival data from the John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, Department of Transportation Statistics, and the COVID-19 U.S. State Policy database, and an instrumental variable and a difference-in-differences empirical strategy, we find that COVID-19 severity is negatively correlated with both the mean ticket price and the number of passengers for the four major airlines in the US, and that the implementation of COVID-19 control policies is positively correlated with the mean ticket price, while negatively correlated with the number of passengers. © 2022 ACM.

Global tourism, climate change and energy sustainability: assessing carbon reduction mitigating measures from the aviation industry.

As many business activities-especially those associated with the energy-intensive industries-continue to be major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and hence significantly contributing to global warming, there is a perceived need to identify ways to make business activities eventually carbon neutral. This paper explores the implications of a changing climate for the global tourism business and its intertwining global aviation industry that operates in a self-regulatory environment. Adopting a bibliometric analysis of the literature in the domain of global tourism and climate change (772 articles), the paper reveals the underlying sustainability issues that entail unsustainable energy consumption. The aviation industry as a significant source of carbon emission within the sector is then examined by analyzing the top 20 largest commercial airlines in the world with respect to its ongoing mitigating measures in meeting the Paris Agreement targets. While self-regulatory initiatives are taken to adopt Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) as alternative fuel production and consumption for drastically reducing carbon emission, voluntary alignment and commitment to long-term targets remain inconsistent. A concerted strategic approach to building up complementary sustainable infrastructures among the global network of airports based in various international tourist destination cities to enable a measurable reduction in carbon emission is necessary to achieve a transformational adaptation of a business sector that is of essence to the recovery of the global economy while attempting to tackle climate change in a post-COVID-19 era.

Managing Ebola and Covid-19 Crises for Aviation Industry: Did Industry Learn How to Learn?

Learning is necessary for an organization to evolve, improve and innovate. We are all conditioned to benefit from the evident effects of our behaviors. After the first try, we do not touch the hot stove again. We are also conditioned to recognize complex scenarios and apply fast solutions. Companies are like humans and they also learn as people do. From this point of view, the aviation industry is discussed in this study beyond the learning loops approach of Agrysis which is an effective tool that encourages the kind of thought and action that is needed to transform an organization into a learning one. Turkish Airlines, EasyJet, Delta Airlines, Air China, United Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and Ryanair had chosen as the sample of this study and data collected from the annual reports of these companies was analyzed with document analysis methodology. By comparing the crisis management styles of the industry during Ebola and Covid-19 Diseases the question "did the industry learn how to learn?" tried to be answered and as a result, the study found that the way the industry responded to both crises had not gone too far from single loop learning, or in other words, the industry had only given a reaction to the actions on time and forgot every experience till the next crisis. In the end, the study discussed that single loop learning style of airline companies may be the reason for the rapid spread of those kinds of diseases all over the world.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Aviation Industry in India

The goal of the paper is to assess early economics impact of Covid-19 on the aviation industry as it is one of the hardest hit industries. Covid-19 has an unprecedented impact on the international passenger seat capacity and gross passenger operating revenues of airlines. In the first part, we look at the impact of the pandemic on the economy as a whole and subsequently look at the economic cost of airlines. Two main elements are driving this negative trend - travel restrictions and overall economic development. We are currently experiencing the tightest international travel restrictions in the modern era of flight transportation with the economies worldwide experiencing a greater decline in GDP than during the last 3 recessions. In the second part, we look at two out of many possible path scenarios which are likely to drive the trend: V-shaped path and U-shaped path. All pandemic outbreaks before followed V-shaped scenario but Covid-19 has paralyzed the society for longer with stricter governmental measures and so U-shaped scenario has to be taken into account as the most likely outcome for the aviation industry during this pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Aviation Industry in India

The goal of the paper is to assess early economics impact of Covid-19 on the aviation industry as it is one of the hardest hit industries. Covid-19 has an unprecedented impact on the international passenger seat capacity and gross passenger operating revenues of airlines. In the first part, we look at the impact of the pandemic on the economy as a whole and subsequently look at the economic cost of airlines. Two main elements are driving this negative trend - travel restrictions and overall economic development. We are currently experiencing the tightest international travel restrictions in the modern era of flight transportation with the economies worldwide experiencing a greater decline in GDP than during the last 3 recessions. In the second part, we look at two out of many possible path scenarios which are likely to drive the trend: V-shaped path and U-shaped path. All pandemic outbreaks before followed V-shaped scenario but Covid-19 has paralyzed the society for longer with stricter governmental measures and so U-shaped scenario has to be taken into account as the most likely outcome for the aviation industry during this pandemic. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

MAJOR TRENDS IN AVIATION INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19

The purpose of the research in this article is to identify the main trends in the development of aviation industry during COVID-19 pandemic. The authors identify the main problems facing aviation industry in the context of the developing world crisis and possible ways to solve them. As a working hypothesis, it is proposed to form the basic concepts necessary for preliminary preparation and implementation of operational measures to restore passenger and cargo aviation. Taking into account the main threats facing the aviation industry during COVID-19, the article proposes the organizational and economic mechanisms to restore the industry. Short-term, medium-term and long-term recovery scenarios are considered, taking into account the relevant factors that have a certain impact. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of documentary data provided by government agencies in a number of European countries. Openly printed materials from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) are also used in the analytical report "Consequences of new coronavirus COVID-19 in civil aviation: analysis of economic impact". The research methods are working papers from the European and North Atlantic Offices of ICAO aimed at rebuilding the aviation industry after COVID-19 pandemic. An analysis of global and Russian passenger traffic for Q1-Q4 (quartile) of 2021 and a development forecast for Q1-Q2 of 2022 is provided. The scenario problems facing the aviation industry in the context of COVID-19 crisis are identified. There are key concepts necessary to start preparation and implementation of effective measures to restore the aviation industry. © 2022 Institut za Istrazivanja. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Malaysian Tourism

This chapter analyses the impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on the Malaysian tourism industry. The discussion starts with general development of global tourism, followed by the drastic changes in Malaysian tourism and the economic conditions before and during the pandemic. With support of updated statistics, this chapter further presents the disastrous strikes on domestic tourism value chain, hotel lines, and the aviation industry. The relevant policy responses and post-pandemic tourism recovery are also discussed for better understanding of the vulnerable ecosystem. This chapter concludes that the recovery is progressive along UNWTO's Scenario 1 (before or by 2023) but subjected to domestic policy efficacy and global responses, especially the availability and affordability of vaccines. This chapter recommends proactive short-term policy initiatives in preparing the sector and its value chain to be COVID secure, and then launching marketing campaigns. For long-term strategic planning, the government should look into initiating and building capacity of digitalisation in the sector. © 2022 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

Prospects for Increasing the Flight Network in the Ukrainian Aviation Market in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of the Agreement on a Common Aviation Area

The article examines the prospects for increasing the flight network in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the agreement on a Common Aviation Area (CAA). The authors stressed that Ukraine is one of the few countries in the world with a completed aviation development cycle and occupies a leading position in the global market of transport and regional passenger aviation. It is proved that COVID-19 has become a unique challenge and threat to the existence and functioning of one of the largest and most important industries, such as civil aviation. A brief analysis of the work of aviation enterprises in Ukraine testifies to the catastrophic economic situation that has developed at the airfields of our country under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is proved that the Common Aviation Area agreement allows the gradual introduction into the legislation of Ukraine of more than 60 EU standards and directives in the field of flight safety, aviation security and air traffic management. It was noted that an important factor in signing the Agreement on the establishment of CAA is the production and renewal of the airline fleet with modern aircraft, increasing the level of passenger service and further modernization of airports. With the entry into force of the CAA Agreement, Ukrainian airlines can easily participate in any European airport and compete in different directions with European airlines. The authors highlight the prospects for increasing the flight network in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the agreement on a common aviation area. © 2022 Kaunas University of Technology. All rights reserved.

A Study on Airlines’ Responses and Customer SatisfactionDuring the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has significantly impacted the airline industry worldwide. However, limited studies have systematically investigated the airlines' responses and customer satisfaction in the aviation industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study attempts to address this knowledge gap. The first aim of this study is to determine customers' satisfaction with the aviation industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire survey was conducted in China to investigate the Chinese passengers' satisfaction with 22 constructs in four stages: Pre-Flight, In-Flight, After-Arrival, and Others (Face mask requirement, HEPA filters, etc.). Second, this work explored the measures that will benefit the airlines by investigating the measures taken by 49 major airlines worldwide, especially considering the operational cost and passengers’ safety. It was found that cabin selection and passengers who travelled after the start of COVID-19 were the groups that affected passengers’ satisfaction levels on responses. The top 3 satisfied measures were “Provide hygiene products for passengers and staff”, “A thermal scanner to monitor body temperature during check-in”, and “Disinfect the cabin after each flight, even for a previous flight of the connecting flight”. In contrast, the bottom 3 measures were “Protective clothing is required to board the plane”, “Adopt a special boarding method such as boarding in the order from back to front”, and “No in-flight meals and drinks (only snacks and water)”. Airlines’ responses primarily focused on reducing the operation cost, ensuring the safety and interests of the passengers and improving the income and cash of the company.

Application of Mixed Reality (MR) Based Remote Assistance for Disposition & Resolution on Critical Nonconformance (NC) for Aircraft Production System during Covid or Post Covid Work Environment

Currently, the Aviation industry uses traditional methods of communication, coordination, & human interaction to give disposition to resolve any kind of nonconformance occurrences which occur during manufacturing or operation of commercial or defense products. This involves increased in-person interaction and additional travel, especially to address the nonconformance issues arising at supplier plants or airports around the globe. During Covid and post-Covid environments, human interactions for the transfer of detailed information at different & distant manufacturing plant locations has been difficult, since support engineering teams (Example: Liaison, Product Review, Quality, Supplier Quality, and Manufacturing Engineering, and/or Service Engineering) have been working remotely. Thus, it has been challenging to coordinate with support engineers to get correct dispositions in short timeframes with no additional cost of quality, thereby creating non-value-added time which delayed the release & execution of the respective rework orders. Mixed Reality (MR) based remote assistance can enable delivery of large amount of complex information, knowledge in a cost-effective way. It helps to simulate and visualize various nonconformance scenarios faced in manufacturing unit which can be viewed and worked on without geographic boundaries. Thus, the members of the Engineering, Operations, and Quality team can unite under one platform to gain a better understanding of the nonconformance issue and deliver more informed decision. This quick decision making not only reduces manufacturing lead time and cost of quality for respective plants but also optimizes product delivery and shipment time of the overall supply chain and reduction of Aircraft on Ground (AOG) time for aircraft in service. In this work, we will demonstrate benefits and applications of MR based remote assistance with various cases which will help in taking accurate, realistic dispositions & enable resolutions on any nonconformance resulting in optimized cost of quality in minimum timeframe © 2022 Boeing.

Flying journey and the contemporary customers combating COVID-19: The ‘need’ of the hour

The rising competition of every sector has evolved innovative thinking and application of a more developed version of strategies. However, the emergence of COVID-19 has further amplified the struggles. The intense competition and declining profits of the Indian aviation sector are the major concerns to be discussed. This study focuses on finding the needs and preferences of flyers of the selected well-known companies. Convenience sampling has been used and data is collected from 217 respondents with the help of a structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to make 22 variables into six significant factors. These factors are further confirmed with help of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The novelty of this study is to propose the realistic ground to guide the struggling aviation sector to achieve the dazzling wave of customers. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Student Paper: Study of COVID-19 Impact on Aviation Maintenance Training in Indonesia

Globally, the aviation industry including the airlines, maintenance, and manufacturing has faced an unprecedented crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aviation training in Indonesia is no exception in experiencing the pandemic's negative impacts, such as disruptions in aviation training, mental health issues, and economic uncertainty. Teachers were forced to adjust instruction from in-person training to online or hybrid learning. This shift increases much concern, especially on the training effectiveness and the quality of its outcome. Perceptions of instructors need to be examined to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness and whether there were positive or negative consequences as well as costs from the aforementioned changes. The researchers of this study conducted seven semi-structured interviews with aviation maintenance instructors in Indonesia to determine the challenges of changing teaching methods during COVID-19. Moreover, a questionnaire was collected from 83 students in four maintenance training programs to investigate the COVID-19 learning method changes in their practical skills as learning outcomes. The Incorporation of Technology (T), Individual (I), Pedagogical (P), and Enabling Condition (EC) or 'TIPEC' Framework and Resilience Engineering Framework will be utilized as the basis to develop the questionnaire and to analyze the results of how the students responded to the new learning method. In the end, this study suggested the most effective teaching methods that can improve practical skilled aviation maintenance professionals in Indonesia during the pandemic situation. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.

INNOVATIONS FOR SATISFIED PASSENGERS AT RIGA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

None of international airports were prepared for the impact of COVID-19 global pandemic. Fortunately, international airports, also Riga International Airport (hereinafter - RIX), were not caught entirely unprepared for the crisis. Aviation industry has been deeply invested in contactless technology for years. Innovation has been a pillar of strength and growth of aviation industry over the past years. The research problem lies in decreased passenger demand of RIX services due to COVID-19. It strengthens a necessity to establishment of innovative solutions and development of touchless airport which might increase passenger satisfaction and renew airport services. Technology, coupled with heightened focus on automation defines passenger experience at RIX airport. Safety and security of passengers and staff are top priorities for RIX airport. Innovations not only enhance operational efficiency and security, but they also make the airport experience quicker and comfortable for passengers. Although digitalization, automation and touchless airport solutions are shaping the future of RIX airport, human recourses still have a crucial role, particularly in terms of providing friendly service and ensuring passengers enjoying the experience. Methodologically, this study interprets results from a survey, expert interviews, knowledge transfer to empirically measure passenger satisfaction with statistical and observational data. In order to observe local and international airport expert opinions, semi-structured interviews are conducted and analysed with the qualitative data processing method NVivo 12. © 2022 Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Effectiveness of Luggage Arrangement on the Airplane Passengers' Boarding Process

The boarding process is the role activity to maintain the airline's efficiency in the turnaround process on the ground. One of the scenarios to optimize the boarding process is the arrangement of passengers who enter the plane based on the amount of carry-on luggage, adjusted to the selected boarding strategy. This research aims to develop an agent-based simulation model to increase the effectiveness of passengers' boarding process by applying the luggage arrangement method for an airplane with a 180-seat configuration. The simulation results showed that applying the Ascending luggage arrangement method reduced the overall boarding process performance by 6.12%, while the Descending method increased boarding performance by 2.50%, compared to the standard Random method.

CSR and financial performance in the airline industry: moderating effects of the airline type, government ownership and COVID-19

This study examines the relationship between financial performance and CSR. Drawing on a sample of 33 airlines for the period of 2016–2020, the study addresses the arduous situation which the airline industry is currently facing, by examining two critical aspects that are mounting in today’s dynamic environment, namely airlines’ financial performance and CSR. The airline industry is one of several industries which are affected due to COVID-19. The study not only draws its sample from recent years, but it also contributes to the existing literature by examining the effect of three moderating variables (i.e., airline type, presence of government ownership, and years of downturn) on the CSR-financial performance relationship. The findings indicate that CSR has no significant impact on financial performance in the airline industry, even after the addition of moderating variables. Our findings suggest that CSR activities are not perceived by the market as value-additive and do not contribute to the airline’s profitability. This could be attributed to specifics of the industry, which is characterised by high competition and price sensitivity. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Effect of Covid-19 on Aviation Industry- A case study of American Airlines and Air China Ord Shs H

The airline industry was one of the industries that significantly impacted on a large scale the most during the Covid-19 pandemic. Resulting from the airline is one of the most convenient travel choices around the globe. Consequently, the pandemic makes the airline industry the most precarious and volatile and thus, making businesses difficult to continue. Some of the factors that influenced the operation of the airline industry include limitation to travel due to lockdowns and curfew systems adopted by various countries, capacity cut to abide by the World Health Organization protocols of social distancing, stock market financial bailout, government regulations, and labor and employment. This study discusses the impact of Covid-19 on the stock market in the case of the American Airline Group Inc. and Air China Ord Shs A. Since These two companies operate under the same industry but different markets, the study also explores the volatility of stock markets in other countries. © 2022 ACM.